Battery Cell Balancing for ZhiDou D1
This procedure applies specifically to the Zhidou D1 model, which is equipped with a LiFePO₄ (Lithium Iron Phosphate) battery pack.
These vehicles feature a 26-pin balancing connector located below the standard communication and power connectors.
This connector provides access to all individual battery cells, allowing for cell voltage monitoring and manual balancing when needed.
Purpose of Balancing:
During charging and discharging, small voltage differences can occur between individual cells.
Balancing ensures that all cells reach the same voltage level, maintaining:
• Longer overall battery life
• Stable performance
• Improved safety and charging efficiency
What Balancing Means:
Balancing involves charging each individual cell to 100% capacity, which corresponds to approximately 3.65 V per cell.
During this process, the maximum charging current must not exceed 5 A to prevent damage to the cells or the balancing circuitry.
When Balancing Is Needed:
Balancing may be necessary if the vehicle has been left in a discharged state for a long period of time,
or if there are noticeable differences in cell voltages during charging or operation.
Performing balancing after such conditions helps restore optimal battery performance and prevents further degradation.
Temperature Warning:
LiFePO₄ batteries must not be charged at temperatures below 0 °C.
Charging under freezing conditions can cause permanent cell damage or reduced capacity.
Always ensure the battery temperature is above freezing before starting the charging or balancing process.
Long-Term Parking:
If the vehicle needs to remain stationary for an extended period:
• The 12 V auxiliary battery should be unplugged to prevent discharge from standby electronics.
• The main traction battery should be charged appropriately before storage:
– For LiFePO₄ batteries, charge to 100% before parking.
– For Li-NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt) batteries, charge to around 80% to reduce long-term degradation.
Reconnect the 12 V battery and recharge the traction battery before returning the vehicle to use.
Important Notes:
• This applies only to the Zhidou D1 model with LiFePO₄ 24 cell batteries, Li-NMC 20 cell packs does not have balancing connector.
• The 26-pin balancing connector should only be accessed by qualified personnel or individuals familiar with LiFePO₄ systems.
• Do not short-circuit any of the balancing pins or connectors — this can cause permanent damage or safety hazards.
• Use only approved balancing equipment or a proper Battery Management System (BMS) designed for LiFePO₄ chemistry.
Note: Improper handling or manually equalizing cells without the correct tools can lead to overcharging, imbalance, or irreversible battery damage.